Explore two decades of groundbreaking research on microplastic pollution in this comprehensive review. Discover key findings, global impacts, and future directions to combat one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time.

Key Findings

• Widespread presence: Microplastics are pervasive in the environment, found from deep-sea sediments to mountain peaks, and are present in food, water, and air.

• Biological and health impacts: They are bioavailable to many species and have been detected in human tissues, with emerging evidence of harmful effects, though full risks are not yet understood.

• Urgent need for action: Annual emissions could double by 2040, necessitating global policies and whole-system approaches to mitigate pollution and its consequences.

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